Vocabulary: food and health

Alerxia, ser alérxico a	Allergy, to be allergic to
Ter asma	To have asthma
Ataque ao corazón ; Infarto	Heart attack
Estar ben de saude	To be healthy, to be in good health
Ter catarro ; arrefriado	Have a cold
Cicatriz	Scar
Cego; xordo	Blind; deaf
Cirurxián; cirurxía	Surgeon, surgery
Infección, contaxioso	Infection; infectious
Depresión	Depression (to suffer from depression)
Derrame cerebral	Stroke
Desmaiarse	To faint
Disminuído/a psíquico/a	Mentally handicapped
Dor	Ache; pain
Dor de cabeza	Headache
Dor de estómago	A stomach ache
Dor de gorxa	A sore throat
Doloroso	Painful
Enfermidade	Disease; illness
Enfermo	Ill, sick
Erupción cutánea	Rash (have a rush)
Estar mareado	To feel dizzy
Febre	Fever (to have a fever/run a fever)
Gripe	Flu
Ferida	Wound, Injury
Hixiene persoal	personal hygiene
Médico de cabeceira	Family doctor; General practitioner(G.P.)
Minusvalía ; Discapacidade	Disability
Paciente	Patient
Saude; san	Health; healthy
Tose	Cough
Vacinarse	To get vaccinated
Vomitar	To vomit
Almorzar	To have breakfast
Asar	To roast
Asar á grella	To grill (U.K.)
Cear	To have dinner
Cociñar	To cook
Comer	To have lunch
Estofar ; Guisar	To stew
Fritir	To fry
fame; ter fame	Hunger (to be hungry)
ferver	To boil
Nutrición	Nutrition
Pausa para tomar café	Coffee break
Prato principal	Main course
Postre	Dessert
Preparar a comida	To make lunch
Sede	Thirst (be thirsty)
Picar algo	have a snack
Leite enteiro	Whole milk
Leite desnatado	Skimmed milk
Leite en po	Powdered milk
Leite semidesnatado	Semi-skimmed milk
Manteiga	Butter
Productos lácteos	Dairy products
iogur desnatado	Low-fat yoghurt
Auga mineral	Mineral water
Batido	Milk shake
Bebida sen alcohol	Non-alcoholic drink
Café descafeinado	Decaffeinated coffee
Bebidas alcohólicas	Alcoholic drinks
Ter problemas coa bebida	To have drinking problems
Comidas de preparación rápida, pratos precociñados	Convenience foods
Comida rápida	Fast food (fast food restaurants, such as McDonald’s)
malnutrición	Undernourishment
Ter sobrepeso	To be overweight
FROITA, VERDURAS	FRUIT AND VEGETABLES

Some useful terms:

VEGETARIAN FOOD/ VEGAN FOOD (TO BE A VEGAN; TO BE A VEGETARIAN)

FAT AND CALORIES + SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE = OBESITY AND A WEAKENING OF OUR IMMUNE SYSTEM

JUNK FOOD (COMIDA BASURA) (JUNK FOOD CONTAINS A HUGE AMOUNT OF FAT AND CALORIES AND IT IS THEREFORE UNHEALTHY)/TAKE AWAY (FOOD) (COMIDA PARA LEVAR)

HEALTHY EATING HABITS: “WE ARE WHAT WE EAT”

HOMEMADE FOOD/TRADITIONAL COOKING

TO TAKE EXERCISE/TO KEEP FIT

BINGE EATING (comer compulsivamente)

EATING DISORDERS:  To be bulimic/ to be anorexic (bulimia, anorexia)/ GO ON A DIET (porse a dieta)

STRESS (TO BE STRESSED)

CONVENIENCE FOOD → Convenience food is commercially prepared food. Convenience food can be sold as hot, ready-to-eat dishes; as room temperature products; or as refrigerated or frozen products that require minimal preparation, typically just heating, by the consumer. Many people are against this type of food but, for many families with busy lives and little time for cooking, convenience foods are a good option. Convenience foods are a fact of 21st century life  and they fill a need in today's busy and demanding lifestyles. They help to create time: the average amount of time spent cooking is reduced, allowing us to enjoy more free time. → Although some convenience foods are rightly termed junk food because they are high in fat, sugar and salt, many others are not. Frozen fruits and vegetables are the perfect example of a healthy convenience food, since they have more nutrients than fresh produce which has been stored. → HOWEVER, we need to press manufacturers to develop more healthy but convenient options and we need to encourage people to read the labels and look at what they buy.

OBESITY → The excess of body fat may have a negative effect in our health. It increases the risk of heart attacks and strokes. Unfortunately, childhood obesity is increasing these days. A solution to this problem would be to increase our consumption of fruits, vegetables or low-fat milk products in order to develop healthy eating habits. Another factor which contributes to obesity is a sedentary lifestyle. If a person sits for most of the day, his/her immune system will weaken. We should always try to be physically active and go for a walk at least once a day. There are other things we can do: we can use the stairs instead of the lift …

EATING DISORDERS: ANOREXIA AND BULIMIA→ Eating disorders are more than just going on a diet to lose weight or trying to make sure you exercise every day. They're extremes in eating behavior: the diet that never ends and gradually gets more restrictive, for example. Or the person who can't go out with friends because he or she thinks it's more important to go running in order to keep fit. The most common types of eating disorder are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa (usually called simply "anorexia" and "bulimia"). But other food-related disorders, like body image disorders, and food phobias, are more frequent than they used to be. → Anorexia: People with anorexia have an extreme fear of weight gain and a distorted view of their body size and shape. As a result, they can't maintain a normal body weight. Some people with anorexia restrict their food intake by dieting, fasting, or excessive exercise. They hardly eat at all — and the small amount of food they eat becomes an obsession.→ Bulimia: Bulimia is similar to anorexia. With bulimia, a person binge eats (eats a lot of food) and then tries to compensate in extreme ways, such as forced vomiting or excessive exercise, to prevent weight gain. → Although anorexia and bulimia are very similar, people with anorexia are usually very thin and underweight but those with bulimia may be a normal weight or even overweight. Here are some signs that a person may have anorexia or bulimia:

Anorexia: watch out if someone...

• becomes very thin
• is obsessed with eating, food, and weight control
• weighs herself or himself repeatedly
• only eats certain foods, avoiding foods like dairy, meat, wheat, etc. (of course, lots of people who are allergic to a particular food or are vegetarians avoid certain foods)
• exercises excessively
• feels fat
• withdraws from social activities, especially meals and celebrations involving food
• may be depressed, lethargic (lacking in energy), and feel cold a lot

Bulimia, watch out if someone...

• is obsessed with putting on weight
• is unhappy with body size, shape, and weight
• makes excuses to go to the bathroom immediately after meals
• may only eat diet or low-fat foods (except when eating compulsively)
• regularly buys laxatives, diuretics, or enemas
• doesn’t take part in social activities, especially meals and celebrations involving food

→ The cause of eating disorders is a combination of the pressure to be like celebrity role models with the fact that, during puberty, bodies change. Many people who develop an eating disorder are between 13 and 17 years old. This is a time of emotional and physical changes, academic pressures, and a great degree of peer pressure. For girls, even though it's completely normal (and necessary) to gain some additional body fat during puberty, some respond to this change by becoming very fearful of their new weight. →Moreover, many people with eating disorders can be depressed or anxious, or have other mental health problems such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). There is also evidence that eating disorders may run in families (ser hereditarios).→ Eating disorders are serious medical illnesses. People with eating disorders can have serious physical health problems, such as heart conditions or kidney failure. In severe cases, eating disorders can lead to severe malnutrition and even death.→ FORTUNATELY, people with eating disorders can get well and gradually learn to eat normally again. Eating disorders involve both the mind and body. So medical doctors, mental health professionals, and dietitians will often be involved in a person's treatment and recovery. Quite often family therapy is very important.

VEGANISM → Veganism is a diet and lifestyle that excludes the use of animals for food, clothing, or any other purpose. Vegans don’t use or consume animal products of any kind.  The most common reasons for becoming a vegan are a concern for animal rights, the environment, human health, and spiritual or religious concerns. Of particular concern to many vegans are the practices involved in factory farming and animal testing.

JUNK FOOD → Junk food is food with little or no nutritional value. It’s usually food made outside the home, often prepackaged or from fast food restaurants, which is widely considered to taste well. Junk food may not be a danger for your health if eaten occasionally, but it can be bad for you if it becomes a regular part of your diet, because in junk food there are high levels of refined sugar, white flour, saturated fat, salt, and additives such as preservatives and coloring agents. Hamburgers, cheetos, chips, donuts, etc. lack proteins, vitamins, fiber and other nutrients popularly considered part of healthy diet.